Pic tells the moving history behind the creation of the Sarajevo Haggadah an illuminated manuscript that contains the illustrated traditional text of the Passover Haggadah which accompanies . By. The Sarajevo Haggadah belongs to the most famous and most beautiful Hebrew illuminated manuscripts from the Middle Ages in the world. It probably left the Iberian Peninsula along with the Jews exiled by the Alhambra Decree of 1492, and a Church censors notation dated 1609 indicates that it somehow passed the scrutiny of the Inquisition in Italy. The word haggadah comes from the Hebrew root HGD, which means to tell, which is exactly the purpose of the Passover celebrationto tell the story of the Jews liberation from slavery in Egypt, also known as the Exodus. In 1942, a Nazi officer tried to take the Bosnian National Museum's great treasure, the richly illuminated Sarajevo Haggadah. Sarajevo Haggadah is from today, again available to the visitors in the regular time slots on Tuesday and Thursday from 12:00 to 13:00 hrs, as well as every first Saturday of each month during the same time slot. Expert in Jewish tours trough Bosnia and Herzegovina. The haggadah once again escaped destruction when, during the Yugoslavian Civil War, it was moved to an underground bank vault after being thrown on the floor as junk during a break-in at the National Museum. Groundwater, making the invisible visible. [11], In October 2012, the Haggadah's future exhibition was left in limbo following a drought in funding for the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which shuttered its doors after going bankrupt and not paying its employees for almost a year. The reason behind this theory are the coats-of-arms of these two families displayed side by side on the same page as the coat-of-arms of the city of Barcelona. The universal refugee experience is an umbrella term used to describe the myriad of trials and tribulations refugees endure as they move to a foreign place. . On first impression, she seems to be a lost cause clinging to any sense of normal life she has left; however, at the end of the novel, Musarrat becomes the unsung hero offering a glimmer of hope for the wretched city of Kabul. wills o' nats last of the summer wine. Although this book can be sad, the sadness is powerful. The original can be found in the National Museum of Bosnia in Sarajevo. Her exotic headgear and position opposite the woman of the house and lower in the frame indicate that she might be a Moorish servant, but she is seated and clearly participating in the meal. For example, when she would tell father, Benito the true details of history along with calling the Spaniards liars father Benito did not believe her. Well-known related manuscripts to this Haggadah include the Rylands Haggadah and the Simeon Haggadah. Our weekly email is chockful of interesting and relevant insights into Jewish history, food, philosophy, current events, holidays and more Dr. Henry Abramson serves as a Dean of Touro University in Brooklyn, New York. In The Kite Runner the relationship with the partner is shown to be looked down on due to cultural expectations of a woman being 'chaste' and in Fathers and sons the relationship is strained due the partners being from different social classes. Describes the history of the Sarajevo Haggadah, which probably left Spain in 1492, then found its way to Venice, before being acquired by the Bosnian museum in 1894. Related. I expected great things from Brooks - March is a book I treasure - but this novel is a third-rate Da Vinci code, written with about the same amount of skill. She used a very exaggerated example to ensure that the audience understood the full extent of her anger. I guess a novel about the long and arduous journey of a 15th century Jewish prayer book isnt your typical holiday reading. During the Bosnian war, Serbs massacred thousands of Muslims in so-called ethnic cleansing. The Korkuts daughter Lamija Jaha and her husband Vllaznim fled the bloodbaths and managed to cross the border into Macedonia with nothing other than her handbag and whatever family mementos she could carry. Dont ever rush those things like were used to rushing through our whole lives. As a History student myself, this novel particularly appealed to me as from what I had gathered from my mothers fevered urgings for me to read it, it struck precisely at what interests me about my subject in the first place. It is hard to care much about Hannas turbulent relationships with her mother and her archetype of the tortured soul trope of a lover. Kada ga je tadanji direktor muzeja Joza Petrovi obavjestio da su stigli Nijemci, on je Hagadu sakrio u pantalone i rekao da su je predali drugom oficiru to jutro. Its monetary value is undetermined, but a museum in Spain required that it be insured for $7 million before it could be transported to an exhibition there in 1992. Petrovi, aided by the curator Dervi Korkut, took enormous risks, dodged the demand, and arranged for the Haggadah to be stowed somewhere safe. The quotes showed nothing but the fact that father Benito was just one of many who were taught and made them to believe on what the Spaniards wanted them to know. The book begins with our book conservator protagonist Hanna Heath's commission to work on the famous Sarajevo Haggadah, a Jewish prayer book richly illuminated in paints derived from lapis lazuli, azurite, and malachite. Information about historical places connected to a 500 years old Jewish History in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The utilization of comprehensive details presents where the narrators true care, The novel "Cane" focuses on the racial, social, and economical problems faced in both the rural south and urban north. Incidentally the novels focus on the historical relationships between Jewish, Christian and Muslim communities in Europe provided an insightful and sombering backdrop to my gallivanting around the region on holiday. The Sarajevo Haggadah is an illuminated manuscript that contains the illustrated traditional text of the Passover Haggadah which accompanies the Passover Seder.It is one of the oldest Sephardic Haggadahs in the world, originating in Barcelona around 1350. It is one of the oldest Sephardic Haggadahs in existence, and illustrations accompany the handwritten text.. His despair drives him to act unethically, and shows the reader where Mittls personal priorities are. In the beginning of the novel The Swallows of Kabul, written by Yasmina Khadra, the audience is introduced to the character of Musarrat, Atiqs wife. The pigments on the pages are made from lapis lazuli, azurite, and malachite. According to a note from the book itself, it changed owners after the expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492, but we do not know the names of the original or the new owner. The exhibition aims to raise awareness about the Sarajevo Haggadah around the world, so that its incredible story, which confirms the importance of cultural and religious harmony for the preservation of peace, can continue inspiring us to safeguard humanitys rich cultural diversity, Link : Exhibition "Three lives of the Sarajevo Haggadah". In 1492, when Spain expelled the country's Jews, a refugee brought the book to Italy. The novel Inside Out and Back Again describes the life of a family of refugees searching to find home. In other words, this is what I mean we have been told that our men came in peace, but that the Mexicans responded in bad faith, that you instead attacked slyly and in treachery. No! But most of all, Ha wanted to fit in, to be liked. The last four miniatures are an exception, in that they are not biblical in character. Sunday. Historians believe that it was spirited out of the country by Jews expelled by the infamous edict of 1492.At one point in the 16th century, the Haggadah appeared in Italy, as evident from notes in its . mission us: prisoner in my homeland. These are experiences that all or most refugees typically go through in their process of finding a new home. It was hidden from Nazis and fascists during WWII and escaped incendiary bombardment by ultra-nationalist Serbian forces besieging Sarajevo during the 1992-95 war. The characters, especially the woman who are connected to the Haggadah are often much like Hanna in more than one way. "The superb medieval codex known as the Sarajevo Haggadah is certainly the most famous of Hebrew illuminated manuscripts: it is among the most beautiful: it is perhaps the most important. Share on Facebook. This is a . The author expertly describes events Laila and Mariam encountered within their everyday lives that has either affected them or helped them progress and deal with the modern rules for women rooted within Afghanistan. Brookss guesswork is, however, researched as thoroughly as many scholarly papers. To quell rumors that the government had sold the Haggadah in order to buy weapons, the president of Bosnia presented the manuscript at a community Seder in 1995. The Haggadah was then sent from Sarajevo to Vienna for analysis and returned to Bosnia and Herzegovina, with certain vicissitudes, after a few years. In the poems War Photographer by Carol Ann Duffy written in 1985, and Sorrow of Sarajevo by Goran Simic, written in 1994, there are many differences. But still I chose Geraldine Brookss People of the Book to accompany me on my holiday this summer on a Mediterranean cruise. The second part consists of 50 pages with the text that is read out loud during Passover, written in medieval Sephardic script. Dr. Eli Tauber is the Founder and president of the NGO Haggadah Sarajevo, assossiation for preserving and promoting Jewish culture and tradition. When Hanna first encounters Michael, she makes a friendly gesture by taking care of Michael after he has vomited. Its Passover narrative is preceded by much more than a likely series of illustrations from Exodus, however. Last edited on 17 February 2023, at 22:16, National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, "The Book of Exodus: A Double Rescue in Wartime Sarajevo", "Ancient Haggadah Symbol of Peace in Battered Bosnia", Dal muft di Bosnia il dono dell'Haggadah al gran rabbinato di Israele, "Hostage to politics, glorious Sarajevo Haggadah languishes in crumbling museum", "National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sarajevo) - 2019 All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (With Photos)", Sarajevo Haggadah in the Bezalel Narkiss Index of Jewish Art, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarajevo_Haggadah&oldid=1139991639, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 22:16. Thus, in its main feature, the Sarajevo Haggadah is an . It has Bosnian nafaka (blind luck), Bear says vividly. Musarrat Character Analysis Convivencia under Fire: Genocide and Book Burning in Bosnia, 266-291 (ch.XIV) in Rose, Jonathan. Inaugurated in Sarajevo, the exhibition curated by Aleksandra Buni and Mirsad Sijari follows the story and journey of the manuscript from the medieval Kingdom of Aragon all the way to Sarajevo, where the manuscript has been safeguarded by the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina since the end of the 19th century. Whenever he visits as Sephardic community, whether in Sarajevo, zmir, Thessaloniki or Plovdiv, De Lucas says he is struck by that fondness. The Sarajevo Haggadah The Choice Of Images. It left Spain in 1492 after the Expulsion of the Jews, and surfaced again in Italy in the 17th century. Becky was rejected. Published in 1988, in both Hebrew and English, it has no mention of a lamb shank! . Sarajevo: Rabic, 2010. The Sarajevo Haggadah came, as many Jewish and Moorish refugees fleeing the Spanish Inquisition, via Italy, to a tolerant Bosnia & Herzegovina, (BiH). The Sarajevo Haggadah's home since 1894, Bosnia's National Museum was built under Austro-Hungarian rule and is a masterpiece by Czech architect Karel Parik. First post, here goes! Lost amidst hundreds of refugees in a strange land, with no one to turn to for assistance, Lamija realized one of the family heirlooms she saved was a creased photocopy of the certificate her parents had received from Yad Vashem. Overall the lesson father Benito learned was my favorite because Huitzitzilin cleared up the lies the Spaniards had upon the true history that happened to the Mexicas. The story of this book inspired Geraldine Brooks, the Pulitzer Prize-winning author, to trace the tortuous and terrifying travels of the Sarajevo Haggadah in her 2008 novel "People of the Book." Public access to information is a key component of UNESCO's commitment to transparency and its accountability. The Sarajevo Haggadah, because of its aesthetic value and historical significance, is foremost among them. We know little of the first five-hundred years of the Haggadah. In the spring of 1942 he hid an orphaned Jewish girl in his home, telling his wife Servet to pretend she was, perhaps like the mysterious woman in the Haggadah, a Muslim servant. The Sarajevo Haggadah was traced to northern Spain circa 1350. How and when the haggadah made its way from Italy to Sarajevo in Bosnia is not known. It is one of the oldest Sephardic Haggadahs in the world, originating in Barcelona around 1350. Van Gogh, Peron, Thomas Edison, Shah of Iran, Joan of Arc, Mozart: Good or Bad for the Jews? 6) Brought to Venice by Jewish refugees, there is a notation from 1609 made on the final page of the haggadah by Giovanni Domenico Vistorini of the Italian Inquisition. The Inquisitor certifies with his signature that the Sarajevo Haggadah does not contain any heretic materials, and therefore, it escaped being burned during the recurring public burnings of Jewish books. To recovery and beyond:The report takes stock of the global progress on the adoption and implementation of legal guarantees on Access to Informati, Addressing culture as a global public good. There are many ways to take action with UNESCO -everyone can make a difference. The history of Dervi Korkut, who saved the book from the Nazis, was told in an article by Geraldine Brooks in The New Yorker magazine. In May 2006, a Sarajevo publishing house Rabic Ltd., announced the forthcoming publication of 613 copies of the Haggadah on handmade parchment that attempts to recreate the original appearance of the 14th century original. Hannahs talent was shown in the story when it was said that [she] was playing the music of Beethoven and Liszt with proficiency(1). The Haggadah is used to reveal that Herr Florien Mittl is a liar. On December 14, 1994, Yad Vashem recognised Dervis and Servet Korkut as Righteous Among the Nations. Since the National Museum was founded by the Austro-Hungarian government, it had enough funds to redeem it, and so in 1894, it bought the Haggadah for a sum of 150 crowns. Gift of Friends of Thomas J. Watson Library. Gitl was a character that wasnt even shown in the movie. The Bestselling Fantasy Books of All Time, The Nobel Prize In Literature Winners You Need to Read, Should You Buy That? The Seder illumination of the Sarajevo Haggadah with the mysterious African woman in the bottom left, who Brooks identifies as the slave Zahra bint Ibrahim-al-Tarek who created the images to help her Jewish masters deaf-mute son understand his religion. Straight off I would like to dismiss some of the reviews of this novel which critique it for historical inaccuracy they are simply missing the point. "The Haggadah is a kind of symbol of that and a symbol that can help Spanish people today understand that Sephardic Jews aren't characters from 16th- and 17th-century literature, but people who still exist and often live in communities that are . The National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina edited a new reprint of the Sarajevo Haggadah and presented it to the public on 1st February 2019, during the exhibition titled The Three Lives of Sarajevo Haggadah, organised on the occasion of the 131st Anniversary of the museum, with the support of UNESCO and the United States Embassy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Toomer helps portray the lives of African Americans at the time and help to understand the struggles they faced. (Wikipedia). Established in 2002, the GEM Report is an editorially independent report, hosted and published by UNESCO. Therefore, it serves my life by making me wonder that everything I know might just be a lie this whole time. Because of the persecution of Jews in Spain, it traveled around Italy in the 16th and 17th centuries, as notes in its pages attest, before arriving in Bosnia and Herzegovina at an unknown point in time before the end of the 19th century. Subscribe to comments on this post via email. The Polish artist Arthur Szyck drew and published his haggadah during the dark days of the 1930's. The haggadah (Hebrew for story, account) is a collection of religious rules and traditions arranged into the order of the Seder observed on Passover, the holiday celebrating the liberation of the Jews from slavery in Egypt. The problem is compounded by the fact that portraits in medieval manuscripts of this nature often reflect the faces of the family that commissioned the artist. For almost 70 years,the UNESCO Courierhas served as a platform for international debates on issues that concern the entire planet. Jewish families traditionally read Haggadah texts during Passover, which means that there is a relatively large number of such books. Remembering is a huge part of this story and is represented largeley in many different ways. It is traditional for Ashkenazi Haggadot to have illustrations in the margins, providing a frame for the text, as . Re: Sarajevo Haggadah. [7], On 2 December 2002, the vault room was dedicated by the Special Representative of the Secretary General in the presence of senior Bosnian government officials, the diplomatic community and international media as well as the public. Mittl, a book binder often used by the Austrian National Museum, suffers from a disease that causes him physical pain and mental difficulties. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the book was in the north of Italy, as confirmed by two short notes on its pages. Cultural events are back, and the Centro Sefarad Israel has taken advantage of the occasion to inaugurate an avalanche of events. In 2013 the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art attempted to arrange for a loan of the Haggadah, but due to internal political battles within Bosnia and Herzegovina, the loan was eventually refused by Bosnia's National Monuments Preservation Commission. 71000 Sarajevo English Hebrew Bosnian / Croatian / Serbian. Feminism is the most flagrant theme in the novel; however, other themes such as the supernatural and heritage are also shown through the main character, Clara Trueba. Originating in Northern Spain in the second half of the 14th century, the Sarajevo Haggadah is a valuable manuscript written on parchment, with superb illuminations. Because texts from the Haggadah are read with family every Passover, there is a relatively large number of such books - the most famous being the Sarajevo . Introduction. Others are a mixture of history and fiction, including the butterfly wings left when the Haggadah was hidden from the Nazis by a Sarajevan Muslim during World War Two and stowed away in the mountains, and the clasps stolen by an ailing bookbinder in 1894 Vienna. The novel People of the Book, by Geraldine Brooks (2008), crafts a fictionalised history of the Haggadah from its origins in Spain to the museum in Sarajevo. I have removed these from the Mittl family Bible, you must see these are very fine (p. 125). Njemake vojne snage su po cijeloj Evropi sakupljale jevrejske umjetnine kako bi formirali muzej unitene civilizacije. Nijemci su otili traiti tog oficira, kojeg su Dervi i Joza izmislili, dok su oni ostali razmiljati ta e uraditi sa Hagadom. These are the characters of history who fascinate me. In the poem Sorrow of Sarajevo we read about the feelings the author experienced when he was living in a place where there was war. are the springboard for Geraldine Brooks's panoramic third novel, "People of the Book." . 1478: The Washington Haggadah, so called because its home is now in Washington, D.C., bedecked with splendid multi-color art with some strange-for-our-time misogynistic twists. Rivka was supposed to be at the camp before Hannah arrived. At the center of this annual celebration is taking turns reading from a book called a haggadah. It explains the feelings of not only just Hannah, but many others. The premise is captivating - a 500-year-old haggadah is found in Sarajevo in 1996, and the novel sets out to explore the book's journey across Europe in those intervening years. The aforementioned olive oil press, set up during medieval times, in what remained of Roman Emperor Diocletians palace in Split, Croatia. This explicit fact portrays the true love that she still carried for home by showing her dreaming of a memory when she was home. Has journey is a perfect example of the universal refugee experience. Riedlmayer, Andras (2001). The Winter, 2002, issue of the literary journal Brick published Ramona Koval's account of the disputes surrounding the proposed UNESCO-funded display of the original codex in the context of the post-Dayton Agreement UN-supervised 1995 peace settlement. An incomparable work of art appraised at $700 million, its wine-stained pages indicate that it was more than a precious . Richard McBee - 30 Nisan 5763 - May 2, 2003. Why? It has been long time since the middle of the 14th century, the golden age of Spain when the amazing and incomparable "Sarajevo Haggadah" was created. 0. Proclaimed a movable national monument by Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2003, it was registered by UNESCO as documentary heritage to the Memory of the World Register in 2017, providing recognition to its importance worldwide. This content contains affiliate links. To stay independent, free, and sustainable, our community needs the help of friends and readers like you. It affected me in a way that made me rethink the fact that maybe the country I live in might also be teaching students lies or that they are not teaching every detail of history. Additionally, as a beau geste to the City of Sarajevo, a second climate-controlled vault was funded to house the national archives of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Korkuts love for the Jewish citizens of the city extended beyond their precious Haggadah. Based on human rights and fundamental freedoms, the 2005 Convention ultimately providesa new framework for informed, transparent and parti, UNESCOs e-Platform on intercultural dialogue is designed for organizations and individuals to learn from shared knowledge or experiences from infl. In addition to that, the museum provides special visits with experts. Over the following four years, 10,000 Jews were killed in Bosnia, out of a population of 14,000. Sarajevska hagada je, od danas, ponovo dostupna posjetiteljima u redovnim terminima utorkom i cetvrtkom od 12 do 13h, kao i svake prve subote u mjesecu u istom terminu! Do not copy without permission. The location of the gang and Leah were set on the wood and the field emphasizes their contradiction as human being. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. And of these Barcelona haggadots, few can compare to the wonder and splendor of a book today known as the Sarajevo Haggadah. It describes the highs and the lows of day-to-day life for the family, perfectly describing the universal refugee experience. Overall I thoroughly enjoyed this novel, particularly the way Brooks wove the clues Hanna finds together into a coherent story so readers can truly picture every step of the Haggadahs long and dangerous journey. The third part contains poetry by the most prominent Jewish poets of the Middle Ages. Both novels show how these relationships do and dont work in society and how significant ideology is in the relationship. blood droplets, salt crystals, traces of now-missing clasps and a single white hair. Adviser for culture and religion Association of Jewish communities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. At her core, Ha was a normal little girl. At first, they offered it to various Jewish associations, but nobody could afford it. The Germans went to look for that officer, who had been created in the minds of Dervi and Joza, while the two of them stayed to think about what they would do with the Haggadah. Please consider making a donation to help us continue this work. RM 2CWPP68 - A woman cleans the window of an exhibit after it is closed in the National Museum in Sarajevo January 6, 2012. Originating in Northern Spain in the second half of the 14th century, the "Sarajevo Haggadah" is a valuable manuscript written on parchment, with superb illuminations. Mittl returns to his doctor with the Haggadahs clasps as payment for the treatment, saying, Please, Herr Doktor. Expert in Jewish tours trough Bosnia and Herzegovina. The story of his life and saving the Haggadah and Donkica Papo was unknown until the Bosnian War when, in 1994, Papo wrote a letter to Yad Vashem and told the story of Korkut. It was then sent to Vienna for analysis, and was returned after a few years of vicissitudes. The names of the artist and the scribe are unknown. 21/12/2021. Bear explained what happened with the precious book during that time: Lejla Bear. In Geraldine Brooks' novel People of the Book, the Sarajevo Haggadah takes the reader on a journey through history. Facsimiles of the Sarajevo Haggadah at the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo. Sarajevo Haggadah. Their connection with the rulers of the Kingdom of Aragon is evidenced by the heraldic crests found on the title page. Mittls doctor, a Jew, suggests a possible cure for Mittls condition, but Mittl cannot pay the amount. Its origin and journey to Sarajevo, where it has been housed by the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina since the end of the 19th century, are still shrouded in mystery. Korkut, at great risk, hid the Sarajevo Haggadah in a mosque in a Muslim village in the Bjelanica Mountain, where it remained until the end of World War II. At great personal risk, Korkut smuggled the slim book out of the Museum and deposited it with an Imam, who hid the books in the library of a mosque outside of Sarajevo, returning it after the war. Korkut gave it to a Muslim cleric in a village on a mountain of Bjelasnica, where it was hidden in a mosque. Micro Preemie Ethics; The Sarajevo Haggadah. Brooks even daringly takes the most controversial illumination of the Haggadah, the one which shows an African woman partaking in Seder with a wealthy Jewish family, and posits that the mysterious woman whose identity has baffled scholars is in fact the artist herself. The Haggadah, which means "telling" in Hebrew, is a written guide to the Passover seder, which commemorates the Israelites' Exodus from Egypt. An incomparable work of art appraised at $700 million, its wine-stained pages indicate that it was more than a precious family heirloom, it was actually used at Seder tables. It still remains unclear whether we will ever learn the date and place of the book's making, the symbol of liberation, which has also become a symbol . Considering the challenges the world is facing today, we need to recall the courage of the people who, even in the darkest of times during World War II, appreciated its importance to Jewish Heritage, as well as its embodiment of diversity and intercultural harmony depicted in its illustration. I suppose this still applies: Sarajevo Haggadah: regular visit dates. Mirsad Sijari, DScActing Director of the National Museumof Bosnia and Herzegovina. When the director of the museum at the time, Joza Petrovi, informed him that the Germans had arrived, he hid the Haggadah in his trousers and said that they had handed it over to another officer that morning. June 19, 2019. When offering the clasps to Hirschfeldt he says, "but he could hardly reveal the fact without exposing himself as a thief" (Brooks, 124) This quote reveals another aspect of Herr Mitt that he is a thief. RM HX9H5T - Sarajevo Haggadah 1. The Sarajevo Haggadah was created in Barcelona, circa 1350, for a prominent Jewish family. However, reporter Geraldine Brooks was granted permission to actually see the real thing being restored under heavy guard in 2001 at the European Union Bank. The National Museum found itself on the front lines of the war and suffered severe damage. 1) The Sarajevo Haggadah consists of 142 leaves of extraordinarily thin, bleached calfskin vellum. Is she a convert? [3], The Sarajevo Haggadah has survived many close calls with destruction. See all those languages up there? Described by Audrey Azoulay, Director-General of UNESCO, as a silent witness to history and survivor of the many turbulent moments in the story of the region, Europe and the world, the Sarajevo Haggadah is a truecultural treasure illustrating Jewish heritage and medieval art in Europe. In May 2006, the Sarajevo publishing house Rabic Ltd., announced the forthcoming publication of 613 copies of the Haggadah on handmade parchment that attempts to recreate the original appearance of the 14th century original, alluding to the 613 Mitzvot.[9].
When A Guy Says He Wants To Cuddle You,
Is Cardi B And Mariahlynn Still Friends,
How To Get Impound Fees Waived In California,
Matt Stinchcomb Salary,
Articles S