If ethnicity was unknown, non-Hispanic ethnicity was assumed. Stock, Jade Carruthers, Rachael Wood, Joshua Guedalia, Michal Lipschuetz, Ofer Beharier, Tobias Homan, Sara Mazzilli, Domenico Martinelli, Manaf AlQahtani, Xing Du, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Jussipekka Salo, Milla Hgg, Lauri Sksvuori, Hiam Chemaitelly, Houssein H. Ayoub, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Nature Communications Because the immune status of all patients is not known, an additional dose (recommended for persons with a weakened immune system) cannot be distinguished from a booster dose. COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated both high efficacy in clinical trials and high real-world effectiveness, especially against the original and Delta variant of the virus6,7,8,9,10. MB), Help with endorsement of these organizations or their programs by CDC or the U.S. Clinical information was abstracted for 5,681 adults with COVID-19associated hospitalization during July 1, 2021January 31, 2022 (Table). Vaccine effectiveness of cell-culture relative to egg-based inactivated influenza vaccine during the 2017-18 influenza season. In this primary design, all eligible infants meeting inclusion criteria were included without sampling which improved power and minimized bias related to selection. Implementing strategies that result in the equitable receipt of COVID-19 vaccinations among persons with disproportionately higher hospitalizations rates, including non-Hispanic Black adults, is an urgent public health priority. 384, 22732282 (2021). Weekly rates among unvaccinated adults and adults who received a primary COVID-19 vaccination series with a booster or additional dose peaked at 149.8 (January 8, 2022) and 11.7 (January 22, 2022), respectively. Statistical codes are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author. We, therefore, were unable to assess whether maternal infection provided some protection to their infants. We were not able to evaluate more detailed measures of relative clinical severity in hospitalised patients (such as intensive care unit admittance), but our finding that estimated severity reductions comparing omicron with delta are larger for more severe endpoints (death and hospital admission versus hospital attendance) agrees with observations that the proportion of hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care or mechanical ventilation (or both) has been substantially lower during the omicron wave in England than the preceding delta wave. Introduction: A rapid increase in COVID-19 cases due to the spread of the Delta and Omicron variants in vaccinated populations has raised concerns about the hospitalization risk associated with, and the effectiveness of, COVID-19 vaccines. The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia, The Lancet Regional Health Western Pacific, 36-fold higher estimate of deaths attributable to red meat intake in GBD 2019: is this reliable? Rates cannot be stratified by pregnancy status because the underlying population of pregnant women in the catchment area is unknown. * Adults who completed a primary vaccination series were defined as those who had received the second dose of a 2-dose primary vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose product 14 days before a positive SARS-CoV-2 test associated with their hospitalization but received no booster dose. Voysey, M., Pollard, A. J., Sadarangani, M. & Fanshawe, T. R. Prevalence and decay of maternal pneumococcal and meningococcal antibodies: a meta-analysis of type-specific decay rates. J. Med. Still, even with a smaller percentage of people getting severely ill during the Omicron wave, a large number of cases over a short time can lead to a spike in people being hospitalized or admitted . We observed a similar pattern in vaccine effectiveness by trimester during the Omicron dominant period, however, estimates of vaccine effectiveness by trimester were imprecise and much lower than during the Delta period (Table3). COVID-19 vaccination coverage among pregnant women during pregnancyEight Integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 14, 2020-May 8, 2021. They, as well as vaccinated people who are immunocompromised and at higher risk of severe COVID-19, are still vulnerable to being infected by a vaccinated person. Maternal vaccination was protective, but protection was lower during Omicron than during Delta. Receipt of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and preterm or small-for-gestational-age at birtheight integrated Health Care Organizations, United States, December 15, 2020-July 22, 2021. All adults should stay up to date (1) with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rep. 7, 255263 (2022). 9-14 As of October 2022, 68% of the US population has completed primary series vaccination. This was the highest age-adjusted weekly rate observed among any racial and ethnic group during the pandemic. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted in Israel's second-largest . Estimation of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine effectiveness against medically attended COVID-19 in pregnancy during periods of delta and Omicron variant predominance in the United States. On March 18, 2022, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release. TN, NMF, SB, EV, SRS, DDA, and AMP developed the methodology. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Article To ensure stability and reliability of rates by vaccination status, data are presented beginning when 14 days have passed since at least 5% of the population of adults aged 18 years in the COVID-NET surveillance catchment area had received an additional or booster dose. PubMed As Omicron spread in the US, hospitalization rates in December were much lower for the vaccinated. During the Delta period, we found that protection extended through the infants first 6 months of life. Zerbo, O. et al. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider Jackson, M. L. & Nelson, J. C. The test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness. Vaccine 40, 656665 (2022). B., Lewis. 41, e81e86 (2022). We did not assess whether vaccines received before pregnancy or immediately after pregnancy were associated with a reduced risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in infants. In the first study, a team led by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) researchers analyzed data on 192,509 hospitalizations from more than 250 hospitals in 13 states participating in the COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network from Jan 1, 2021, to Apr 30, 2022. Estimated effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against omicron or delta symptomatic infection and severe outcomes. The researchers used the QCovid risk model to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for clinical risk factors. Baden, L. R. et al. Preliminary findings of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine safety in pregnant persons. Rep. 69, 10811088 (2020). However, vaccination during pregnancy was less effective at protecting infants against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron period. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer, Office of the Vice President for Research | Contact U of M | Privacy Policy, Mary Van Beusekom | News Writer | CIDRAP News, Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles. State data show the average age for COVID deaths was about 80 in late 2020, but dropped in spring 2021 to as low as 69 after most older adults received their first COVID vaccines. During the Omicron-predominant period, overall weekly adult hospitalization rates peaked at 38.4 per 100,000, exceeding the previous peak on January 9, 2021 (26.1) and the peak rate during the Delta-predominant period (15.5) (Figure 1). * https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covid-net/purpose-methods.html. J. Med. Analyses were conducted using SAS statistical software survey procedures (version 9.4; SAS Institute). Morb. and B.F. P.R. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. Halasa, N. B. et al. https://downloads.aap.org/AAP/PDF/AAP%20and%20CHA%20-%20Children%20and%20COVID-19%20State%20Data%20Report%209.29.22%20FINAL.pdf?_ga=2.255000394.335550773.1665001859-370326403.1636740765 (2022). It's not clear which variant might have been associated with these hospitalizations. conducted all statistical analysis in collaboration with O.Z. Methods: One hundred and . Image, Download Hi-res DeSilva, M. et al. Ousseny Zerbo. We further classified vaccination status by the trimester within which the second dose or the unique dose (for those who received only one dose) was received. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, a significantly shorter median length of hospital stay was observed during the Omicron-predominant period and smaller proportions of hospitalizations with intensive care unit admission, receipt of invasive mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital death. Clinical trends among U.S. adults hospitalized with COVID-19, March to December 2020: a cross-sectional study. Dis. Pediatrics. The population of unvaccinated adults is determined by subtracting the number of adults who received any dose of vaccine, as previously defined, from the population. Abbreviation: COVID-NET = COVID-19Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network. Overall, 63% of Americans are fully vaccinated. However, data currently available on the persistence of immunity after vaccination on the one hand and the emergence of viral variants with reduced sensibility to vaccine immunity on the other, raise the need to administer boosters to maintain the protection and to compare . Google Scholar. Vaccines: The CDC recommends that everyone age 5 and older get an updated covid booster shot. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infant protection against SARS-CoV-2 during the first six months of life. All adults should stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. The infection fatality rate from Covid-19 fell more than 10-fold from a little more than 1 per cent in January 2021 to 0.1 per cent in July as the UK's vaccination campaign was rolled out, and . Real-world data suggest lower COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against Omicron variants11,12,13,14. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. https://doi.org . This conversion might result in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. PubMedGoogle Scholar. BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness against omicron in children 5 to 11 years of age. Evan J. Anderson reports grants from Pfizer, Merck, PaxVax, Micron, Sanofi-Pasteur, Janssen, MedImmune, and GlaxoSmithKline; personal fees from Pfizer, Medscape, Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc., Sanofi-Pasteur, and Janssen, outside the submitted work; and institutional funding from the National Institutes of Health to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines. Sect. Monthly COVID-19 hospitalization rates were 3.5 to 17.7 times higher in unvaccinated patients than in their vaccinated counterparts, regardless of whether they had received a booster. 385, 13551371 (2021). When possible, CDC associates a persons primary vaccination series and booster dose with that person. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. CDC twenty four seven. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1328. Suggested citation for this article: Taylor CA, Whitaker M, Anglin O, et al. Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). Protection during both periods decreased as infants aged. Although both approaches adjusted for the same confounding factors, the effectiveness estimates from the TND were higher than those from the cohort design, which is consistent with our previous analyses of influenza vaccine effectiveness in which we also observed that the TND tended to result in higher vaccine effectiveness estimates than did our cohort analyses30. Symptoms are abstracted from the medical chart and might not be complete. Zerbo, O., Ray, G.T., Fireman, B. et al. N. Engl. 26 Among those fully vaccinated individuals 5 years of age who are booster eligible, only 49% have received a . Pediatr. We thank staff at UKHSA and members of the UK Government SPI-M committee and the UKHSA Variant Technical Group for valuable discussions. Morb. Structural changes in the brain may explain the persistent fatigue and neuropsychiatric complications tied to long COVID. To update your cookie settings, please visit the, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00462-7, Comparative analysis of the risks of hospitalisation and death associated with SARS-CoV-2 omicron (B.1.1.529) and delta (B.1.617.2) variants in England: a cohort study, https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/scientific-brief-omicron-variant.html, https://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/now-casting/report-on-nowcasting-and-forecasting-9th-december-2021/, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1050999/Technical-Briefing-35-28January2022.pdf, https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/severity-of-omicron-variant-of-concern-and-vaccine-effectiveness-, https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-50-severity-omicron/, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.12.22269179, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.20.22269406, https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.12.22269148, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1054071/vaccine-surveillance-report-week-6.pdf, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/investigation-of-sars-cov-2-variants-routine-variant-data-update, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nhs-test-and-trace-statistics-england-methodology/nhs-test-and-trace-statistics-england-methodology, https://www.england.nhs.uk/contact-us/privacy-notice/national-flu-vaccination-programme/, https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/data-collections-and-data-sets/data-sets/emergency-care-data-set-ecds, https://digital.nhs.uk/services/secondary-uses-service-sus, https://www.england.nhs.uk/statistics/statistical-work-areas/covid-19-hospital-activity/, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.13.21262014, View Large Wkly. The study setting was Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated healthcare delivery organization that provides comprehensive healthcare to ~4.4 million members as of 2019. J. These persons are excluded from the proportions of race/ethnicity but are included in other analyses. Includes current treatment or recent diagnosis within the previous 12 months of an immunosuppressive condition or use of an immunosuppressive therapy. Vaccinated patients during the Delta wave were 37% (over with two doses), while during the Omicron wave they were 57%. J. But the charts are in line with data from the UK Health Safety Agency, which found that protection from a third dose of Pfizer or Moderna vaccine against hospitalization with Omicron was about 89%, waning slightly to 83% at 10 weeks, Insider's Catherine Schuster Bruce reported. During Omicron predominance, children aged <6 months accounted for 44% of hospitalizations among children ages 04 years3. Method: This case-control study aims to determine the hospitalization risk associated with the inactivated BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) and mRNA BNT162b2 (Pfizer . Nature. Finally, we conducted additional supplemental analyses to estimate VE among children whose mothers received at least one vaccine dose prior to pregnancy onset and at least one dose during pregnancy. According to the Ontario Science Table's online dashboard, the hospital occupancy rate for the unvaccinated was 611 per million unvaccinated people in the province's population as of Jan. 7,. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Gretchen Rothrock, California Emerging Infections Program; Millen Tsegaye, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment; Julie Plano, Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health; Kyle Openo, Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University; Andy Weigel, Iowa Department of Health; Chloe Brown, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; Erica Bye, Minnesota Department of Health; Wickliffe Omondi, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program, University of New Mexico; Alison Muse, New York State Department of Health; Christina Felsen, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Eli Shiltz, Ohio Department of Health; Nasreen Abdullah, Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; William Schaffner, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Melanie Crossland, Salt Lake County Health Department. PubMed Central O.Z. If the SARS-CoV-2 test date was not available, hospital admission date was used. Data about boosters was only available for those over 50. In our primary analysis, we implemented a cohort study design where we used Cox proportional hazards models that allow for time-varying covariates to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 infection hazard ratio (HR) in infants of mothers vaccinated with at least 2 doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy and 1 dose only versus mothers who were unvaccinated during pregnancy. Evaluation of acute adverse events after Covid-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Sample sizes presented are unweighted with weighted percentages. N. Engl. N. Engl. Omicron data in UK is 'enormously worrying,' immunologist says "In the last two weeks, no fewer than 80% of admissions were below the age of 50 years. The outcomes were the infants first positive nasal/throat swab for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR, and the first COVID-19-related hospitalization, occurring during the first 6 months of life and recorded in the electronic health record. NHS Test and Trace statistics (England): methodology. Moline HL, Whitaker M, Deng L, et al. The KPNC Institutional review board approved and waived consent for this study. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in preventing COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among nonimmunocompromised children and adolescents aged 5-17 yearsVISION Network, 10 states, April 2021-January 2022. Thus, this design better adjusts for healthcare-seeking behavior31,32, but it may also introduce other biases including selection bias33. Proportions between the pre-Delta and Delta period were compared using chi-square tests; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant, adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Bonferroni correction method. A study from the U.K. government, published last week, found that three doses of vaccine. Objectives To develop and implement a scoring tool to identify COVID-19 patients that are at risk for severe illness during the Omicron wave. Black adults accounted for a higher percentage of hospitalizations during the Omicron-predominant period (26.7%) than during the Delta-predominant period (22.2%, p = 0.05). Other studies found similarly decreased proportions of severe outcomes among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during this period (6).. Mortal. COVID-19associated signs and symptoms included respiratory symptoms (congestion or runny nose, cough, hemoptysis or bloody sputum, shortness of breath or respiratory distress, sore throat, upper respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, and wheezing) and non-respiratory symptoms (abdominal pain, altered mental status or confusion, anosmia or decreased smell, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysgeusia or decreased taste, fatigue, fever or chills, headache, muscle aches or myalgias, nausea or vomiting, rash, and seizures). Selected counties in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Iowa, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Tennessee, and Utah (https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm). PLoS ONE 15, e0229279 (2020). Hospitalization rates and characteristics of children aged <18 years hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-July 25, 2020. But those countries have high vaccination rates, and there, too, Omicron has spread most quickly among younger adults. CDC. Gordon, N. & Lin, T. The Kaiser Permanente Northern California adult member health survey. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Adults who received booster doses were classified as those who completed their primary vaccination series and received an additional or booster dose of vaccine on or after August 13, 2021, at any time after the completion of their primary series, and 14 days before a positive test result for SARS-CoV-2, because COVID-19associated hospitalizations are a lagging indicator, and time passed after receipt of a booster dose has been shown to be associated with reduced rates of COVID-19 infection (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255). the date of publication. Views equals page views plus PDF downloads. Saving Lives, Protecting People, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covid-net/purpose-methods.html, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7050e2.htm, https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2114255, https://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2021.08.27.21262356v1, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.01.11.22269045v1, https://data.cdc.gov/Vaccinations/COVID-19-Vaccination-Demographics-in-the-United-St/km4m-vcsb, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/stay-up-to-date.html, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.30479, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic, Psychiatric admission requiring medical care. Models were adjusted for the covariates listed above. As of December 25, the rate among unvaccinated people was 78 per 100,000, compared to 4 per 100,000 among fully vaccinated people, the CDC reported. Additional COVID-NET methods for determining vaccination status have been described previously. 45 C.F.R. It is not inevitable that viral evolution leads to lower severity. wrote the initial manuscript. Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, USA, Ousseny Zerbo,G. Thomas Ray,Bruce Fireman,Evan Layefsky,Kristin Goddard,Edwin Lewis,Pat Ross&Nicola P. Klein, Yale University, Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA, Regional Perinatal Service Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Santa Clara, CA, USA, You can also search for this author in The research was published yesterday in JAMA Internal Medicine. Late last year, as Omicron was spreading fast in the US, hospitalization rates per 100,000 rose sharply among unvaccinated adults, while rates in those who were fully vaccinated remained low. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. To ensure stability and reliability of rates by vaccination status, data are presented beginning 14 days after at least 5% of the age group-specific population of the COVID-NET surveillance catchment area has received an additional or booster dose. Morb. Among nonpregnant and pregnant adults aged 18 years, hospitalization rates were calculated overall, and by race/ethnicity and COVID-19 vaccination status. Shook, L. L. et al. Our additional supplemental analysis suggests that pregnant persons who received at least one vaccine dose before pregnancy should complete their vaccination series during pregnancy to provide protection to their children during the first 6 months of life. During the Delta dominant period, the crude incidences of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 2, 4, and 6 months of life were lower among infants whose mothers received at least two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy (0.75, 1.43, and 1.56 infants per 100 person-years [PY], respectively) than those whose mothers were not vaccinated during pregnancy (5.47, 5.10, and 4.78 infants per 100 PYs, respectively). The state has administered 3.2 million vaccine doses since Dec. 1 alone, but lagging rates between full vaccination and first doses for adults especially (82.6% vs. 95%) are becoming a point of . O.Z., N.P.K., and B.F. conceived and designed the study. volume14, Articlenumber:894 (2023) N. Engl. Shimabukuro, T. T. et al. Severe cases may increase in the wake of holiday parties where people of all ages mixed. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Two recent papers claim there are no differences between surgical masks and respirators for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases like COVID-19 and flu, but the articles are deeply flawed. 387, 227236 (2022). Among children 12 to 17, the . Several conditions, including cancer of the blood or bone marrow and dementia, were associated with HRs greater than 3. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Percentages presented for demographic characteristics are weighted column percentages. Infants were followed from birth until the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test by PCR at age 2, 4, or 6 months, with censoring due to death, health plan disenrollment, or end of follow-up (May 31, 2022). E.L. coordinated administrative tasks. J. Med. New charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed that hospitalization rates were much lower among those who were vaccinated even as Omicron was sweeping the nation. All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. The finding that maternal vaccination was less effective at protecting infants during the Omicron dominant period is also consistent with previous studies which have reported decreased effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during Omicron among children and adults14,20. Morb. Mortal. Am. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Requests for access to the underlying source data should be directed to UKHSA. Christopher A. Taylor, PhD1; Michael Whitaker, MPH1; Onika Anglin, MPH1,2; Jennifer Milucky, MSPH1; Kadam Patel, MPH1,2; Huong Pham, MPH1; Shua J. Chai, MD3,4; Nisha B. Alden, MPH5; Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, MPH6; Evan J. Anderson, MD7,8,9; Kenzie Teno, MPH10; Libby Reeg, MPH11; Kathryn Como-Sabetti, MPH12; Molly Bleecker, MA13; Grant Barney, MPH14; Nancy M. Bennett, MD15; Laurie M. Billing, MPH16; Melissa Sutton, MD17; H. Keipp Talbot, MD18; Keegan McCaffrey19; Fiona P. Havers, MD1; COVID-NET Surveillance Team (View author affiliations). Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. CAS Age was the most important risk factor for COVID-19 death (eg, HR, 31.3 for an 80-year-old vs a 50-year-old). Infect. Children currently account for about 18.5% of reported COVID-19 cases in the United States1. The final study population included 30311 (48.8%) infants who were KPNC members at least 2 months after birth.
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