Its unclear how exactly the Brazilian Butt Lift got its name, since technically nothings being lifted. Three days earlier, Adianet Galvn Gonzlez, 30, had Fitch rating: BBB- (2020)Moody's rating: Baa2 (2014)Standard & Poors rating: BBB- (2017)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. What happens to fat when you put a large amount of dead fat into the buttocks? he said. The 14 deceased mentioned in this work left behind at least 26 orphans. "Today there is no obligation for the health department to have those figures, because their owners are not doctors and FDOH does not regulate them," says Senator Anitere Flores. The postmortem findings from the deceased patients showed two common causes of death following a BBL: 1) fat within and beneath the gluteal muscles, and 2) Emigration to Spain picked up in the 1990s because of its economic growth, but this flow has since diminished because of Spains ailing economy and high unemployment. "After the wound opened, I went to the clinic where they operated on me, but the doctor did not take care of me, a nurse took care of me and she told me she was going to open me. And with that, Ms. Dayyani became another one of the thousands of women worldwide undergoing one of the most popular cosmetic surgeries (some men get it too, but not very many). )exports: 251 million kWh (2020 est. Photo: Camilo Rozo. Dr. Monroy is one of The clinics names were changed two times starting in 2016, making it almost impossible for new clients to research him. How do you know if you get 1,000 or 4,000 ml? Under Florida law, their owners must not be doctors, so FDOH has no authority to regulate them. The cause of death is emboli-globules of fat that inadvertently enter the gluteal veins and swiftly make their way up to the heart and lungs, causing patients to arrest and die usually in the operating room during the procedure or in the recovery room shortly after, Dr Papadopoulos said. )$38.224 billion (2020 est. All times AEDT (GMT +11). The popularity of the Brazilian Butt Lift (BBL) or lifting of the buttocks by fat transfer has skyrocketed in recent years. )forest: 54.4% (2018 est. )note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, -$17.621 billion (2021 est. The Observers - The France 24 Observers is both a website and a TV show focusing on international news through the lens of amateur images. I dont want to have crazy features. {{ scope.legend }} But a January 2020 editorial in the journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery argued that the procedure was actually named in 1996, when the Learning Channel featured a segment with Dr. Leonard Grossman, a board-certified plastic surgeon who liposuctioned fat from a Brazilian woman and injected it into her glutes. Regretful, they only hope that their tragedies will serve as an example for others. The woman was in her forties when she died on August 19 in Cali, Colombias third-largest city, just three days after having surgery in a clinic in the north of An August report in the Aesthetic Surgery Journal shows that South Florida is the epicenter for BBLs deaths in the country, with 25 BBL-related deaths between 2010 and 2022 alone. In all places they assured that none of the surgeries involved risks. USA Today and Naples Daily News reported. $9,000.00. log in. The case of Ledn was reported by Univision in February 2018, and at the time, the My Cosmetic Surgery center sent the following statement: "Due to the medical ethics regulations of the state of Florida, we can not discuss the terms and particularities of this case, and we give all of our patients the best care." Colombia reported the deaths of at least 145 community leaders and rights defenders last year, as fighting by armed gangs fuelled further violence. When properly done, when carefully done, it is safe, said Dr. Steven Teitelbaum, a board-certified plastic surgeon in Santa Monica who was involved in drafting the guidelines, but does not perform the surgery. Even with the Colombian Governments December 2016 peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the risk of displacement remains as other rebel groups fill the void left by the FARC. )carbon dioxide emissions: 97.81 megatons (2016 est. )$733.546 billion (2019 est. In the entire state there are 629 licenses of this type, with prices much lower than those obtained in other states. These women, all victims of botched plastic surgery, told their stories to the daily newspaper El Espectador. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. 8,582 views Mar 3, 2021 355 Dislike Share KATE 2.27K In reality, its these backdoor clinics and a lack of state regulation that kills patients. Beltrn launched a campaign on social media in 2016, demanding increased regulation of the field of plastic surgery. When we started recognizing there was a problem with BBL, we were faced with the problem of figuring out how to find these people to get word out to them, and unfortunately there was no way to do it.. She trusted Dr. Hsu, who said he has done about 2,000 BBLs over the seven years and has a year and a half long wait list. They take everything they want and nothing happens, "says Lopez. Kizzy London traveled to Florida from Louisiana, Delma Pineda, from California, Lattia Baumeister from Illinois, Heather Meadow from West Virginia, Jasmine Smith from New Jersey, Rannika Hall from Missouri and Tola Warren from New York. In 2018, The British Association of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery advised surgeons in the United Kingdom to stop performing it altogether, although they couldnt ban it outright. They also promote breast augmentation for four installments of $ 20 per month, also funded for several years. )wine: 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Novo also responded about the death of London: "Unfortunately, in 2017 a patient of Dr. Arnaldo Valls died in hospital due to a complication directly related to the risks of plastic surgery. Because thats what it is: Dead fat. Arelys Gonzlez has not been compensated for the death of her daughter Adianet. )consumption: 8.547 million metric tons (2020 est. ), urban population: 82.4% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.01% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. She also had to get lymphatic massages for a week after the procedure to drain extra liquid in the body. We see hundreds of cases like that, but there is no way to recover money," he insists. She went from a G Cup to a double D, and her stomach is flat. How do you know if you get 1,000 or 4,000 ml? It didnt matter: Women would travel to Turkey or South America for the surgery, where it was significantly cheaper. ), total: 7,764,772 (2020 est. Galvn's surgery was on June 4, 2018, but it was not until seven months after her mother received the report from the Miami-Dade medical examiner that she confirmed something she already suspected: Adianet died as a result of the surgery. Despite the seriousness of the problem, there are hundreds of stories that remain untold, because in Florida, no agency, not even the health department, keeps records of deaths or incidents by cosmetic procedures. It is Rabbitesque. WebNEAR DEATH EXPERIENCE AFTER BBL IN COLOMBIA | MUKBANG WITH MY SURGERY SISTER !! This woman was the eighth person in Cali to die from complications related to plastic surgery since the beginning of the year. A decades-long conflict between government forces, paramilitaries, and antigovernment insurgent groups heavily funded by the drug trade, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), escalated during the 1990s. To be certified as a plastic surgeon in the US, a person must complete a medical degree at the university, then must practice in surgery for 6 to 8 years, and then submit two exams. Doctors can make a lot of money doing plastic surgery because patients pay them directly there are no intermediaries. After four years of formal peace negotiations, the Colombian Government signed a final peace accord with the FARC in November 2016, which was subsequently ratified by the Colombian Congress. By law, no doctor in the state is required to have insurance against risk. Join the conversation, you are commenting as. The procedure has the highest mortality rate of any cosmetic surgery, but many women are undaunted. These quick diplomas in no way compare to a four-year programme. The accord calls for members of the FARC to demobilize, disarm, and reincorporate into society and politics. ), production: 11,305,086,000 cubic meters (2020 est. Eventually I want to be standing in front of a judge, she said. )2,951.327 (2017 est. The birth rate has fallen from more than 6 children per woman in the 1960s to just above replacement level today as a result of increased literacy, family planning services, and urbanization. Berta Ledn, a woman from Miami, underwent in 2017 a liposuction type 'Tummy tuck' and a neck surgery, which was complicated and left completely disfigured. "I never imagined that something like this could happen in the US. Although these sites appear to be clinical, they are not. The task force will examine the causes behind complications and deaths to try to prevent them from occurring through a variety of doctor and patient safety education measures, including unprecedented research. ), general assessment: the telecom sector had a solid year thanks to positive performances in the fixed-line broadband, mobile broadband, and mobile voice and data markets; the fixed-line penetration remained stable by the end of 2020, though began to increase into 2021 as a result of the particular demands on households resulting from government measures associated with addressing the pandemic; the mobile market reached a penetration rate of 136% (an increase of over three percentage points on 2019) and managed to keep the same upward growth trajectory that it has sustained over the last ten years; the fixed-line broadband market also expanded, with the number of subscribers increasing 11.4%, and with revenue increasing 9.9% thanks to increased data usage as many customers were forced to work or study from home during the year; the mobile broadband market was the standout performer in 2020, with a 13% increase in the number of subscribers year-on-year, the penetration rate is relatively low compared to other Latin American countries; most significant of all was the surge in mobile broadband traffic a 51% increase over the previous year (2022)domestic: fixed-line connections stand at about 14 per 100 persons; mobile cellular telephone subscribership is 133 per 100 persons; Partners Telecom Colombia's (WOM) market entrance in June 2021 increased competition among cellular service providers and is resulting in falling local and international calling rates and contributing to the steep decline in the market share of fixed-line services; domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations (2021)international: country code - 57; landing points for the SAC, Maya-1, SAIT, ACROS, AMX-1, CFX-1, PCCS, Deep Blue Cable, Globe Net, PAN-AM, SAm-1submarine cable systems providing links to the US, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America; satellite earth stations - 10 (6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 3 fully digitalized international switching centers) (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, combination of state-owned and privately owned broadcast media provide service; more than 500 radio stations and many national, regional, and local TV stations (2019), total: 35,618,019 (2020 est. Who was in charge of examining the potential patient was a figure called 'coordinator', who is dedicated to recommend what procedures should be done. And Ledn has no hope of obtaining justice because at least four lawyers have refused to take his case. See also the television reports of this work: according to the Florida Department of Health, The lawyer Percy Martinez, expert in cases of medical malpractice, This is how the Florida law leaves unprotected thousands of women who seek perfection with the scalpel, There will be more controls and punishments for cosmetic surgery centers if a law reform is approved in Florida. )$51.324 billion (2019 est. This price range includes the cost of the surgeon, the facility fee, and any other associated costs. ), deforestation resulting from timber exploitation in the jungles of the Amazon and the region of Choc; illicit drug crops grown by peasants in the national parks; soil erosion; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions, party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, particulate matter emissions: 15.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. In Colombia, there are a lot of backdoor clinics. I dont know at what point in time we got into bigger is better, but we put in larger and larger volumes the moment we realized we could, said Dr. Oni Garcia, a board-certified plastic surgeon in Miami. (FDOH), which took 8 days to complete. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 2,089,821 tons (2013 est. Ive never felt better., Brazilian Butt Lifts Surge, Despite Risks, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/19/style/brazillian-butt-lift-bbl-how-much-risks.html, one of the most popular cosmetic surgeries, The British Association of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS). According to Google keyword data, BBL was searched roughly 200,000 times per month between January and May 2021. These emboli are unique to the buttock area, as fat injections in the breast, face and thighs dont produce this same phenomenon. ), conventional long form: Republic of Colombiaconventional short form: Colombialocal long form: Republica de Colombialocal short form: Colombiaetymology: the country is named after explorer Christopher COLUMBUS, name: Bogotageographic coordinates: 4 36 N, 74 05 Wtime difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: originally referred to as "Bacata," meaning "enclosure outside of the farm fields," by the indigenous Muisca, 32 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 capital district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, Archipielago de San Andres, Providencia y Santa Catalina (colloquially San Andres y Providencia), Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada, history: several previous; latest promulgated 4 July 1991amendments: proposed by the government, by Congress, by a constituent assembly, or by public petition; passage requires a majority vote by Congress in each of two consecutive sessions; passage of amendments to constitutional articles on citizen rights, guarantees, and duties also require approval in a referendum by over one half of voters and participation of over one fourth of citizens registered to vote; amended many times, last in 2020, civil law system influenced by the Spanish and French civil codes, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: least one parent must be a citizen or permanent resident of Colombiadual citizenship recognized: yesresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years, chief of state: President Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego (since 7 August 2022); Vice President Francia Elena MARQUEZ Mina (since 7 August 2022); the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego (since 7 August 2022); Vice President Francia Elena MARQUEZ Mina (since 7 August 2022)cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed for a single 4-year term; election last held on 29 May 2022 with a runoff held on 19 June 2022 (next to be held on 31 May 2026); note - political reform in 2015 eliminated presidential reelectionelection results: 2022: Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego (PHxC) 40.3%, Rodolfo HERNANDEZ Suarez (LIGA) 28.2%, Federico GUTIERREZ (Team for Colombia / CREEMOS) 23.9%, other 7.6%; percent of vote in second round - Gustavo Francisco PETRO Urrego (PHxC) 50.4%, Rodolfo HERNANDEZ Suarez (LIGA) 47.3%2018:Ivan DUQUE Marquez elected president in second round; percent of vote - Ivan DUQUE Marquez (CD) 54%, Gustavo PETRO (Humane Colombia) 41.8%, other/blank/invalid 4.2%, description: bicameral Congress or Congreso consists of:Senate or Senado (108 seats; 100 members elected in a single nationwide constituency by party-list proportional representation vote, 2 members elected in a special nationwide constituency for indigenous communities, 5 members of the Commons political party, formerly the People's Alternative Revolutionary Force (FARC), for 2 legislative terms only: 2018-2022 and 2022-2026 as per the 2016 peace accord, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms), Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (188 seats; 162 members elected in multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote, 2 members elected in a special nationwide constituency for Afro-Colombians, 1 member elected by Colombians residing abroad, 1 member elected in a special nationwide constituency for the indigenous communities, 5 members of the Commons political party for two legislative terms only: 2018-2022 and 2022-2026 as per the 2016 peace accord, 16 seats for rural conflict victims for two legislative terms only: 2022-2026 and 2026-2030, and 1 seat reserved for the runner-up vice presidential candidate in the recent election; all members serve 4-year terms), highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (consists of the Civil-Agrarian and Labor Chambers each with 7 judges, and the Penal Chamber with 9 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 magistrates); Council of State (consists of 27 judges); Superior Judiciary Council (consists of 13 magistrates)judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the Supreme Court members from candidates submitted by the Superior Judiciary Council; judges elected for individual 8-year terms; Constitutional Court magistrates - nominated by the president, by the Supreme Court, and elected by the Senate; judges elected for individual 8-year terms; Council of State members appointed by the State Council plenary from lists nominated by the Superior Judiciary Councilsubordinate courts: Superior Tribunals (appellate courts for each of the judicial districts); regional courts; civil municipal courts; Superior Military Tribunal; first instance administrative courts, Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Alexander LOPEZ Maya]Citizens Option (Opcion Ciudadana) or OC [Angel ALIRIO Moreno] (formerly known as the National Integration Party or PIN)The Commons (formerly People's Alternative Revolutionary Force or FARC) [Rodrigo LONDONO Echeverry]Conservative Party or PC [Carlos Andres TRUJILLO]Democratic Center Party or CD [Alvaro URIBE Velez]Fair and Free Colombia (Colombia Justa Libres) [Eduardo Canas Estrada and Ricardo Arias Mora]Green Alliance [Claudia LOPEZ Hernandez]Historic Pact for Colombia or PHxC (coalition composed of several left-leaning political parties and social movements)Humane Colombia [Gustavo PETRO]Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation or MIRA [Carlos Eduardo GUEVARA]League of Anti-Corruption Rulers or LIGA [Rodolfo HERNANDEZ Suarez]Liberal Party or PL [Cesar GAVIRIA]People's Alternative Revolutionary Force or FARC [Rodrigo LONDONO Echeverry]Radical Change or CR [German VARGAS Lleras]Team for Colombia - also known as the Experience Coalition or Coalition of the Regions (coalition composed of center-right and right-wing parties)Union Party for the People or U Party [Dilian Francisca TORO]We Believe Colombia or CREEMOS [Federico GUTIERREZ]note: Colombia has numerous smaller political parties and movements, BCIE, BIS, CAN, Caricom (observer), CD, CDB, CELAC, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance, PCA, PROSUR, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Luis Gilberto MURILLO URRUTIA (since 16 September 2022)chancery: 1724 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036telephone: [1] (202) 387-8338FAX: [1] (202) 232-8643email address and website: eestadosunidos@cancilleria.gov.cohttps://www.colombiaemb.org/consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Newark (NJ), Orlando, San Juan (Puerto Rico), Washington, DCconsulate(s): Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Francisco L. PALMIERI (since 1 June 2022)embassy: Carrera 45, No. I love that hourglass look, said Ms. Dayyani, 23, of Houston. A NOTORIOUS surgical procedure, known as the Brazilian Butt Lift, is now considered so dangerous that a specialist Aussie task force has been set up to warn women of its risks. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 133 (2020 est. An Instagram influencer has died at the age of 29 following a botched cosmetic procedure. Medelln, Colombia "Dr. Garca is such a great professional, I am very pleased with my hair implant surgery. In Colombia, when someone has complications or dies after plastic surgery, people often say their vanity killed them as if they were responsible for what happened. I )industry: 30.8% (2017 est. {{ scope.counterText }} $13,000.00. Sometimes, they just make the mistake of trusting a doctor who scams them with false diplomas which is what happened to me. The reform of the law will not solve the whole problem. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 10.68% (2021 est. Nationwide News Pty Ltd 2023. 2023 Copyright France 24 - All rights reserved. Find out more about our policy and your choices, including how to opt-out. Dr. Pat Pazmio, president of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of Miami, assures that these women die for a specific technique that they have identified, and that some continue to practice right and left, especially in Florida. The popularity of cosmetic procedures has led to the development of an unsafe industry in Colombia, complete with unqualified doctors and underground establishments, where the drive for profit wins over the health and safety of the patients. , indicates that at least ten cases of this type arrive to him the week, but prefers not to take them, because they know that it has all the to lose. ), improved: urban: 99.1% of populationrural: 87.7% of populationtotal: 97% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.9% of populationrural: 12.3% of populationtotal: 3% of population (2020 est. note: data are in current year dollars, United States 27%, China 20%, Mexico 7%, Brazil 6% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, broadcasting equipment, packaged medicines, corn (2019), $58.019 billion (31 December 2021 est. Dubbed the "Mexican Kim Kardashian " Joselyn Cano lived in By law, no doctor in the state is required to have insurance against risk. The content you requested does not exist or is not available anymore. agriculture: 7.2% (2017 est. In the latter procedure, which typically costs around $15,000 and is not covered by insurance, fat would be liposuctioned from her flanks, tummy and lower back and injected into her derrire. )-$14.808 billion (2019 est.). But there arent enough places in Colombian medical schools, so some of the people who dont get a spot end up studying abroad. A patient might get liposuction, breast implants and a nose job on the same day. The technique involves removing fat from an area of the body, to pass it to the buttocks area. They see the prices and think that they will have a good result, but they pay the final price. You, too, should stay informed on the issue, and when consulting with doctors, dont hesitate to question their approach.. Action must be taken now in order to prevent further tragedies from occurring, Dr Papadopoulos said. )3.1% of GDP (2019)3.1% of GDP (2018)3.2% of GDP (2017), approximately 260,000 total active troops (200,000 Army; 45,000 Navy, including about 20,000 marines; 14,000 Air Force); approximately 170,000 National Police (2022), the military's inventory includes a wide mix of equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Canada, Europe, Israel, South Korea, and the US; Colombia's defense industry is active in producing air, land, and naval platforms (2022), 18-24 years of age for compulsory (men) and voluntary (men and women) military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months; conscripted soldiers reportedly include regular soldiers (conscripts without a high school degree), drafted high school graduates (bachilleres), and rural (campesino) soldiers who serve in their home regions (2022)note: in 2020, conscripts reportedly comprised about 50% of the Colombian military's active force with approximately 60-90,000 conscripts brought into the military annually, as of 2022, the Colombian Armed Forces were primarily focused on internal security, particularly counter-narcotics, counter-terrorism, and counterinsurgency operations against drug traffickers, militants from several factions of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and National Liberation Army (ELN) terrorist/guerrilla organizations, and other illegal armed groups; the Colombian Government signed a peace agreement with the FARC in 2016, but some former members (known as dissidents) have returned to fighting (note - these dissident groups include the designated terrorist groups Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army or FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia; see Appendix T); the Colombian military resumed operations against FARC dissidents and their successor paramilitary groups in late 2019; in 2017, the Colombian Government initiated formal peace talks with the ELN, but in January 2019, the government suspended the peace talks shortly after the ELN exploded a car bomb at the National Police Academy in Bogot and resumed counter-terrorism/counterinsurgency operations against the group; operations against the FARC dissident groups and the ELN continued into 2022, although the Colombian Government resumed talks with ELN in November 2022; the military was also focused on the security challenges posed by its neighbor, Venezuela, where instability has attracted narcotics traffickers and both the ELN and FARC dissidents, including FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia, operate openly, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial waters of Colombia are a risk for armed robbery against ships; in 2021, six attacks against commercial vessels were reported, an increase over the single attack in 2020; most of these occurred in the main port of Cartagena while ships were berthed or at anchor, National Liberation Army (ELN); Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army (FARC-EP); Segunda Marquetalianote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, in December 2007, ICJ allocated San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty but did not rule on 82 degrees W meridian as maritime boundary with Nicaragua; managed dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all neighboring borders and have caused Colombian citizens to flee mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the US assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Bank, refugees (country of origin): 1,842,390 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or received alternative legal stay) (2022)IDPs: 8,258,460 (conflict between government and illegal armed groups and drug traffickers since 1985) (2022)stateless persons: 11 (2022), Colombia is the worlds top cocaine producer; exports and is a source of heroin and marijuana; coca cultivation was estimated at 245,000 hectares (ha) in 2020; potential pure cocaine production reached 1,010 metric tons in 2020, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).
