This study measures the safety impact of different types of bus stops on the interactions between passengers and cyclists. Despite the differences in the definition of societal goals, it is noteworthy that making a contribution to education ranks among the top three goals for every disciplinary group. hb```e``Y B@16:h'dH8:nPh`UvH^MM.r ; 6 itemsRQ3). Note that university researchers report remarkably low usage of any communication format compared to researchers at applied universities or at independent institutes. The case studies were analyzed by two coders separately and frequently discussed in the research group in order to achieve intercoder reliability. With this in mind, we applied the following distribution strategy: We contacted the faculty heads of 60 German universities and 60 universities of applied science (Fachhochschulen; in the following, we use the short form applied universities) and asked them to distribute the survey to researchers in their faculties. For example, many associations for the social sciences and humanities in Germany expressed concern that the BMBF initiative does not take into account the current state of science communication research [24]. Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, the genders were equally distributed (50% male, 49% female, and 1% others). Others have argued that evaluations of societal impact are prone to methodological shortcomings [23, 54] and might have unintended behavioral effects [55, 56]. The most recent decades there have been great innovations in varied components of mechanical development which has changed the culture. Science is also a continuing effort to discover and increase human knowledge and understanding. 0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. In particular, we were interested in researchers perspectives on a) societal engagement as a part of scientific activity, b) whether societal impact should be considered more in research evaluation, c) the performance of institutional communication departments in reaching relevant societal stakeholders, and d) the importance of knowledge transfer at the institutions. The concept indicates that two quality regimesa scientific and a societalare important for deciding on the productiveness of a dialog. In some cases this impact has been clearly positive, such as in the case of house appliances and water purification. We used a 5-point Likert scale (from strongly disagree to strongly agree) to elicit agreement or disagreement with a statement. This concerns the organization of societal impact at scientific institutions. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Science, technology, society and environment ( STSE) education, originates from the science technology and society (STS) movement in science education. Work Others have pointed to the increased legitimation pressure exerted by research organizations and the increase in PR and marketing [40]. Science and technology has made possible for the production of cars, aircrafts, ships, boats, etc that has made the transportation of people and good easy and convenient. Funding acquisition, Younger researchers use social media to communicate about their research more than older researchers, and male researchers particularly tend to use advisory formats. Conceptualization, We also contacted the German Research Associations (DFG) graduate schools. Yes Young researchers (age group 1829 years, mostly PhD students) reported less often that they aim to contribute to public discourse (37% in comparison to 65% for 3039-year-olds) or political decision-making (21% in comparison to 48% for 4049-year-olds). Of course, REF impact case studies are written to succeed in the evaluation in question [81]. Moreover, we show that researchers societal goals and use of communication formats differ greatly between their disciplines and the types of organization that they work at. Meeting society's needs Science responds to the needs and interests of the societies in which it takes place. Yet, there is a lack of comparable empirical evidence on one particularly decisive group of actors in the dialogical rationale, that is, academic researchers. However, this assessment differs depending on the researchers discipline, their applied or basic research focus, their gender, and their age. The first round involved topic experts (i.e. Despite these efforts, our sample was not probabilistic and we assumed a certain self-selection bias due to the topic of the survey. To evaluate the quality and reliability of the survey, we conducted two rounds of pretests. Fig 1 provides an overview of the sample. This PowerPoint goes through the food web and has a picture of the ocean food energy pyramid. For this reason, we conducted a survey among 499 researchers in Germany from April to June 2020. p|>0LAe'D)K#9l ;s*2iaO#=I!G7`7cfwO`OO`{(?eq}s+Ou0jW Search. We live in an information-driven society. 0000002383 00000 n One is global environmental futures forecasting . While our results are mainly of a descriptive nature and we do not make normative assumptions about the subject of our research (i.e. Click here to review the details. If societal impact is to be a new paradigm of science governance, it is important to better understand how societal impact emerges. 0000004759 00000 n 0:04 Science & Society; 1:09 Physics & Natural Phenomena; 1:43 Quantum & Nuclear Physics; 3:14 Astrophysics; 4:08 Lesson Summary; . Yes Two scholarly discourses are particularly relevant for the subject of this study: 1) the discourse in communication and science and technology studies (STS) on the relationship between science and society and 2) the discourse on societal impact measurement in scientometrics and evaluation research. H\j@>,EN(I Writing review & editing, Affiliations As Table 2 shows, university researchers have remarkably low scores on every communication format. Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, Berlin, Germany, Database technology has a direct impact on our daily lives. Building on the discourse in evaluation research, we refer to broader societal impact, i.e., the benefits that research holds for the economy, individual wellbeing, the environment, and culture [2, 14]. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254006, https://www.wihoforschung.de/de/impaqt-2631.php, https://www.impactdistillery.com/2020-impact-survey/, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2091-0_2, https://dataportal.arc.gov.au/ERA/NationalReport/2018/, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7028-7_4, https://www.vsnu.nl/files/documenten/Domeinen/Onderzoek/SEP2015-2021.pdf, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-790_en.htm, https://www.leopoldina.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publikationen/Allianz/201806_Stellungnahme_9FRP_der_Allianz.pdf, https://www.bmbf.de/de/karliczek-wissenschaftskommunikation-staerker-in-der-wissenschaft-verankern-12620.html, https://www.wissenschaftsrat.de/download/archiv/pm_2816.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2, https://www.hrk.de/positionen/beschluss/detail/transfer-und-kooperation-als-aufgaben-der-hochschulen, https://www.dgpuk.de/sites/default/files/Stellungnahme_WissKomm_DGPuK_DGS_2020_20200821.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12898-2, https://royalsociety.org/~/media/Royal_Society_Content/policy/publications/2006/1111111395.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-010-9383-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01048-5_2, http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1089, https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/dfg_im_profil/gremien/fachkollegien/amtsperiode_2016_2019/fachsystematik_20162019_de_grafik.pdf, https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bildung-Forschung-Kultur/Hochschulen/Publikationen/Downloads-Hochschulen/personal-hochschulen-2110440187004.html. The biggest challenges and opportunities of the 21st century are in my opinion related to Sustainability and Technology.<br><br>As a Master of Business Administration and Economics and a Master in Data Science, I am equipped with a broad business knowledge reaching from Sustainability/CSR, Leadership, Strategy, Data and Digitalization to a specialization in the field of Accounting, Taxation . The Impact of Technology on Society Description: Webster's New World Dictionary & Thesaurus . Humanities scholars also chose discourse-oriented goals and focused on societal goals in the cultural sphere. 2 hours ago. The findings further suggest that, where applicable, organizational factors (e.g., institutional investments in transfer, training offerings, support infrastructures) should be more strongly incorporated into assessments of societal impactfor example. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. However, few think that societal impact is a priority at their institution, and even fewer think that institutional communication departments reach relevant stakeholders in society. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. The numbers are based on the question What social effects do you most likely want to achieve with your research? No, Is the Subject Area "Social media" applicable to this article? Impact of science on Man Science is a system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method and research. on Society and the Economy', Vienna, 11 May 2007. . Search . - machinery and devices developed from scientific knowledge -the branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied sciences. This is an outlook on science education that emphasizes the teaching of scientific and technological developments in their cultural, economic, social and political contexts. The REF evaluates societal impact via case studies, which are narratives that describe how research conducted at a higher education institution created a wider societal benefit. While these conceptualizations do not employ societal impact as an evaluative paradigm, they have paved the way for new thinking about the relationship between science and society. 4.9. 0000067689 00000 n Citation: Fecher B, Hebing M (2021) How do researchers approach societal impact? If this cannot be done, science will precipitate evils greater than any that mankind has ever experienced. This poster was created to promote debate within the classroom within my year 11 students to prepare them for their computer science exams. Here, we report the key results of this study and reflect on potential implications for science governance. Smoking advertisements have "promoted the continued social acceptability and encouraged the incorrect belief that the majority of people smoke" (Source B). 0000002132 00000 n Funding: B.F. received funding by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01PW18008A; 01PW18008B; https://www.wihoforschung.de/de/impaqt-2631.php). Before the first large-scale impact agendas were implemented, scholars in STS critically examined the nature and role of science in society, drawing on novel concepts of academic knowledge creation such as Mode 2 [25, 26], academic capitalism [27], post-normal science [28] or Triple Helix [29]. Data curation, Please leave a review! Social science researcher with experience in fisheries/aquaculture, agriculture and mobile connectivity. Concerning researchers individual characteristics, the analysis shows that social media platforms are used more by younger scientists. 0000031887 00000 n This is a PowerPoint that has excellent pictures of different types of species that live in aquatic biomes--primarily the oceans and sloughs. 0000003342 00000 n Martin, for example, asked pointedly whether the creation of the REF would create a Frankenstein monster, because the costs of conducting the evaluation might outweigh the benefits [8]. 6 The response rate for this survey is unknown because we are unable to determine the number of residents who . Through the topic What is Technology ? The SEP is used by research institutions to evaluate research units and focuses strongly on relevance for society as well as research quality [10, 11]. Tap here to review the details. The problems of keeping everyone fed, clothed, and in reasonable health, and of protecting the country from foreign invasion cannot be solved without science. Applied researchers are more in favor of societal relevance being given greater consideration in evaluations than basic researchers (see Fig 2). Expertise in sustainable livelihoods, food and nutrition security, mobile connectivity. For instance, the Leibniz Association, a union of 96 nonuniversity research institutes, adopted a new mission statement for the transfer of scientific knowledge to society, the economy, and politics in 2019 [20]. We show that most researchers regard societal engagement as part of their job and are generally in favor of impact evaluation. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. It is evident that humanities scholars especially use social media to communicate about their research: 55% of humanities scholars approve of such methods compared to 33% of natural scientists and 38% of social scientists. The distinction between different types of research organizations (i.e., universities, applied universities, independent institutes) is important for this study. Founder and Leader of a startup focused on developing Rehabilitation and clinical skills . 0000019539 00000 n 0000002873 00000 n DBU Digital Business University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany. In 2020, it set up a think tank to work out how societal impact could be evaluated [17]. There are noteworthy differences among academic status groups: 60% of doctoral researchers but only 42% of postdocs and 47% of professors in our sample agree that societal relevance should have more weight in evaluation. here. Investigation, In those days It contributes to ensuring a longer and healthier life, monitors our health, provides medicine to cure our diseases, alleviates aches and pains, helps us to provide water for our basic needs including our food, provides energy and makes life more fun, including sports, music, entertainment and the latest communication technology. 2. No, Is the Subject Area "Research quality assessment" applicable to this article? Here, recurring themes include researchers motivations for engaging with the public [48, 49], teaching and training [50, 51], and institutional conditions [52, 53]. 2, No. It should be noted that science is part of society and both the sciences and their publics have differing ideas about robustness and usefulness [32]. The institutional review board and data protection officer of the Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society approved this study. Yes Martin (2007 . Prompts About the Impact of Physics on Society: 3,136 passengers and 4,135 cyclists are observed at twelve typical bus stops in Nanjing, China. Formal analysis, Think you'll never have to ask for help? However, due to their applied approach, societal impact should presumably play a more central role for researchers at these kinds of institutions. Is the Subject Area "Scientists" applicable to this article? The number of participants with other sex was so small that they were not included in these graphs. This article contributes to this discourse by addressing researchers perspectives on societal impact, that is, their opinions on societal impact (RQ1), the societal goals they associate with their research (RQ2), and the formats they use to engage with society (RQ3). 0000005402 00000 n In many some cases the impact of engineering products has been both positive and negative, as in the case of the . Serving a term of President-Elect 2021-2023, President 2023-2025 and Past-President 2025-2027. Special interests in Project Management, Consulting, and Sustainability. 10.the industrial revolution,its effect on growth of town planning from the 1 Internal and external_security_threats_to_pakistan, Th Lab Presentation Group 3 [Autosaved] [Autosaved].pptx, Doodle Astronomy Lesson XL by Slidesgo.pptx. In addition, there are two further points of criticism concerning the concept of societal impact: On the one hand, critics point to the inadequate representation of the complexity of science, for example, because impact logics of the natural sciences are used as a yardstick for evaluations [6, 57]. - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 29615 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 40 Provided by: debbie2 Category: Tags: impact | society | technology | thesaurus Independent institutes are characteristic of the German research system. 0000070111 00000 n For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click The REF case studies are available in a public database (https://impact.ref.ac.uk/casestudies/). The Impact of Materials on Society subcommittee partnered with faculty from engineering, liberal arts and sciences and education at the University of Florida to develop an introductory level course suitable for undergraduate and community college students. For RQ1 (opinions on science communication), we asked respondents about evaluations because these would have practical implications for their working lives. Software, Copyright: 2021 Fecher, Hebing. 0000007820 00000 n No, Is the Subject Area "Germany" applicable to this article? In the following, we describe the instrument and its distribution, the sample design, and the analysis of the data. Bertrand Russell In 'Boredom or Doom in a Scientific World', United Nations World (Sep 1948), Vol. Regarding the disciplinary background, we used the classification of the German Research Association (DFG) and merged the disciplines into three groups: 41% of the respondents were from the natural sciences, 35% were from the social sciences, and 26% were from the humanities [84]. This, however, corresponded roughly to the general gender distribution in German academia [85, 86]. The paper is an attempt to point out the merits and demerits . In general, it is noteworthy that university researchers are the least active group for almost any of the formats. These explorations of the role of science in society were, however, primarily theoretical in nature. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Researchers from applied universities are especially likely to have used advisory and collaboration formats. Less surprisingly, the older a researcher is, the more likely it is that he or she has ever used a format. Given the choice of the 13 societal goals identified in the qualitative coding exercise, less than 10% of respondents selected contributing to national and/or international security and creating an entertainment offering; we hence excluded these in reporting. In 2019, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) published a policy paper in which it stipulated that societal impact must become part of the academic reputation logic [16]. Science, technology and innovation must drive our pursuit of more equitable and sustainable development. One can cherish an accomplishment only if it comes after effort. The second most used communication format is public relations (i.e., comment pieces in newspapers or interviews)45% of respondents have used these in the past. Interested in consumer behaviors, value chains, commercial and social impact and sustainability, engaging with various stakeholders to drive . If, as stated above, the old social contract granted science relative freedom in return for widely diffused benefits for society, the new social contract for science imposes accountability for the freedom granted to science [2123]. The survey was part of a BMBF-funded research project addressing the question of societal impact and its measurability in the social sciences and humanities (https://www.wihoforschung.de/de/impaqt-2631.php). Y} 721})-TP?zahw:CZ5{=>)]S3fy'=maoqV[.')ri:=f|nNjn~=o_G5ezQ:=MG"KS?cW%gEo7Mj8"spElB#;= /+ Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. The impact of technology on society is deep. Master of Science in International Business candidate at Grenoble Ecole de Management. In the research section we present the results for the three research questions alongside the three dimensions of the independent variables, i.e., the content dimension, the organizational dimension, and the dimension of a researchers individual characteristics. Uploaded on Nov 06, 2019 Susan R Pinckney + Follow technology The only transfer format that more than half of the respondents (68%) had used in the past are events (i.e., including public lectures, exhibitions, expert panel discussions). Science may be a boon if war can be abolished and democracy and cultural liberty preserved. This explains why, in this study, we focus on researchers and how they approach societal impact. PPTX. National governments need to understand the science behind major global challenges such as climate change, ocean health, biodiversity loss and freshwater security. A steam turbine with the case opened, an example of energy technology. For example, technical innovation is a goal for 43% of male researchers and for 20% of female researchers. What is a Machine? Our framework for societal goals and our results can also be the basis for disciplinary self-understanding (e.g., in learned societies), in that they can stimulate a normative discussion about good transfer and its evaluation. In contrast, impact assessments have been described as failing to do justice to transfer activities in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) [5860]. Writing original draft, Regarding these institutional conditions, scholars have observed a certain decoupling of central communication infrastructures at institutions and the researchers working there [38, 39]. broad scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for your research every time. It is also evident that researchers from applied universities tend to be more economically oriented, while researchers from independent institutes tend to be more policy-oriented. No, Is the Subject Area "Decision making" applicable to this article? ;:iH/> Pn3lpnF}kgUU@e/m;,mN[.VkuW_ymG;PnTk|lh e|.##U*uv'Whq*ebNC In scientometrics and the wider field of evaluation research, the shift towards societal impact as an assessment paradigm in science governance has been accompanied by critical reflections. Health. The responses are differentiated by how much the researchers consider their work to be basic or applied research and the three disciplinary groups. In Germany, where the present study was conducted, there is no evaluation exercise comparable to the REF, ERA, or SEP. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. In this paper, I explore how one might understand the way advances in science, engineering, mathematics, and technology impact employment and education, with the ultimate goal of possibly predicting when these changes are likely to occur. This can likely be explained by the experience that older researchers have acquired, which might make them especially well placed to influence public and political decision-making. This means that learners don't have to stick to the traditional learning and teaching process. As far as researchers individual characteristics are concerned, it is notable that social media is used more by younger researchers, indicating that social media will likely become more important as a means of engagement. Our results add to the ongoing scholarly discourse on societal impact by offering empirical evidence on a group that has received surprisingly little attention in the scholarly study of societal impactacademic researchers. This mirrors previous findings suggesting a certain decoupling between central transfer infrastructures and researchers [38, 39] and leads us to hypothesize that there is a certain mismatch between individual and institutional commitment. The Middle Atlantic Planetarium Society has membership from Maine to Georgia and west to the Great Lakes. Likewise, the topic is on the top of the agenda of prominent policy makers and research organizations in Germany, where our study took place. IJIRT Search Xplore - Search by Paper id, Published paper id, Paper Name, Author Name and Paper Title Search Your Paper Details. Data science is a critical component of modern-day businesses and organizations. Supervision, <br . To gain a better understanding of how researchers perceive societal impact as a paradigm in research governance, we included questions to elicit respondents opinions on the role of societal impact at their institutions and in their work, on whether societal impact should be given more weight in evaluations, and on whether their institutional communication departments are reaching relevant societal stakeholders [38,39] (opinions, RQ1). Comparing applied and basic researchers, we noted that basic researchers hardly ever offer advisory formats (14% for basic researchers vs. 47% for applied researchers) or collaborations (17% for primarily basic researchers vs. 39% for primarily applied researchers). Although these concepts differ in their objectives, they generally assume a form of scientific value creation that is no longer self-sufficient and is increasingly interwoven with society. In others the impact has been negative, as in the case of bombs with ever-increasing destructive power. The German Rectors Conference, the umbrella organization of German universities, decided at its general assembly (November 14, 2017) that knowledge transfer is a priority for universities [19]. In general, we considered agreement as the last two answer categories of the scale (agree + strongly agree) and report on this. The main categories of the content analysis were reflected in the questions on societal goals (i.e., What societal impacts do you want to achieve with your research? It is both positive and negative. It is noteworthy that researchers (especially at universities) do not think that knowledge transfer plays an important role at their institution and that institutional communication departments are reaching relevant societal stakeholders. This shows that researchers are generally in favor of societal impact and regard public engagement as part of scientific activity. Get started for FREE Continue. In the following, we will delineate these two discourses and reflect on their implications for this study. We've encountered a problem, please try again. An example of this is Jong et al.s concept of productive interactions, which proceeds from the assumption that current productive interactions between researchers and societal stakeholders will improve the probability of future societal impact [64]. Chairperson of UCC Science Society for 2020/21, coordinating the running of over 30 academic events from industry leaders, managing large institutional budgets and managing and motivating a team through the COVID-19 remote environment. Students will create a poster summarizing their topics, provide real-world examples and data, and provide solutions to these problems. More disturbingly, in our bloodstream. In this paper, we focus on those who stated that their primary work location is Germany, leaving us with 499 valid (59%) cases to analyze. Historical antecedents that changes the course of science and technology, Introduction to Science, Technology and Society. Modern science is relatively new having it's origin about 350 years ago. Science must respond to societal needs and global challenges. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Later, entire lines of (communication) research addressed how the public deals with science, for example, the public understanding or awareness of science (PUS, PAwS), scientific literacy, or more recently the public engagement with science and technology (PEST) and the science of science communication [3033]. 48 0 obj <> endobj xref 48 40 0000000016 00000 n 0000067977 00000 n Here, we report on the largest section (C: knowledge transfer), which covers our three RQs, and use questions from sections A, B, and F for the explanatory analysis. ; 13 itemsRQ2) and communication formats (i.e., Which transfer formats have you already used to communicate your results? Societal impact is also a key component in European research funding [1214]. Zip. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254006.t002. 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