What connection has been found in experiments exploring self-image and prejudice? b. deindividuation. For example, the ingroup in most societies is the average citizen, seen as warm and competent. This best illustrates the value of, Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. a. human aggression is an unlearned instinct. Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. They have been chosen for their school team to participate in a math competition against other local schools. Identities are not so simple, but maybe as the 21st century unfurls, we will recognize each other by the content of our individual character instead of against the backdrop of stereotypes. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive. a. deindividuation. Ingroup favoritismthe tendency to favor members of one's own group over those in other groupsis well documented, but the mechanisms driving this behavior are not well understood. b. hypothalamus At its heart, SDO rests on a fundamental belief that the world is tough and competitive with only a limited number of resources. A generalized (sometimes accurate, but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action, a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people, unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members, Uspeople with whom we share a common identity, Themthose perceived as different or apart from our ingroup, the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame, the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races. An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Consequently, the girls in his class become apprehensive when preparing and giving speeches in his class. Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). Measured cognitive dissonance by paying participants to $1 or $20 to lie about the enjoyment of a dull task. Narcissism is the tendency to view one's own culture or group as superior to others is a false statement. Blatant bias is not a thing of the past, however. 30. other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Aggression An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. c. hindsight bias. This is an example of: individuals sometimes perform poorly when apprehensive about being stereotyped. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. This experiment best illustrated the impact of, The discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent is called, Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as the, We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. This is an example of: Elena's boss fires her because he is downsizing his company. Discrimination is a behavior bias against a person (or group) based on stereotyped beliefs about that group. They prescribe "proper" behavior. "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". What is the correct present tense conjugation of the verb? Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor ones own in-group over anothers outgroup. The results of this study showed that the participants more often misperceived the object and mistakenly shot harmless targets who were Black. His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people. Female 2: I can be hard to figure out Male 2: and I like my privacy. She goes against the common idea of older adults as being weak or unhealthy. Katz, D., & Braly, K. (1933). swissworld: saisons Female 1: I have my ups and downs just like anybody else. People who score higher on the scale show more ingroup favoritism in comparison with those who score lower on it (Stangor & Thompson, 2002). Influence (conforming) resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality. Pablo and Sabina's failure to resolve their argument for their mutual benefit illustrates a failure to develop. Social identity is a person's sense of who they are based on their group membership (s). c. deindividuation. Confirmation bias occurs from the direct influence of desire on beliefs. Being audience-centered means a speaker must sacrifice what she or he really believes to get a favorable response from . Devine, P. G. (1989). Membership. Highly dominating, highly authoritarian personalities. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. In some countries, women who have been raped are sometimes sentenced to punishment for having violated a law against adultery. Unfortunately, problems can also arise from our tendency to categorize. Like stereotypes, prejudice is a bias against people based on their group membership. "Us"people with whom we share a common identity. attitude. For example, authoritarian leaders tend to allocate more national resources to members of their own tribe, religious sect, or political party. B) self-serving bias. e. Essentialism. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test. People are generally faster at pairing their own group with good categories. Being aware of our own tendency to fixate on the negative is also important. This is not to suggest that actual older people are not competent, of course, but that they are not widely admired for their accumulated wisdom. b. conformity The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. (Mob Mentality), The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social identity theory observations, Reza is a male, Muslim, and Persian. a. amygdala The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. These four kinds of stereotypes and their associated emotional prejudices (see Figure 2) occur all over the world and apply to each societys own groups. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is sometimes called the ________ gene. What entry (debit or credit) does the recipient record? After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to, The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as, Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. Expert Answer. frustration-aggression principle., The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: a. a social trap. Representativeness Heuristic The tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2010). Distinguish blatant biases from subtle biases. Yosef, who is of Jewish origin, joins her unit as a trainee. Because the attributes of group categories can be either good or bad, we tend to favor the groups with people like us and incidentally disfavor the others. This sends subtle cues to the applicant that she is not being taken seriously, is not a good fit for the job, or is not likely to get hired. In order for a transaction to be recorded in a business accounting records, the effects of the transaction must be faithfully represented. a. These types of stereotypes were overt, unapologetic, and expected to be shared by otherswhat we now call blatant biases. They were generalizations about a group, since most of the college students did not interact with people from Turkey. Employees were reimbursed when they presented petty cash vouchers to the petty cash custodian. -cies. A groups position on the dimensions of warmth and competence dictate whether we relate to its members with admiration, dehumanizing contempt, competitive envy, or paternalistic caretaking. It's awful what the human race can do, even with the way we . For example, rich people are often viewed as competent but cold. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias: just-world phenomenon A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). c. cognitive dissonance. direction a . The IAT is sensitive to very slight hesitations that result from having automatic or unconscious biases. b. physical attractiveness. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like modern racism, ingroup bias, been more racially prejudiced than others and more. Women cannot drive. In fact, this finding generally holds regardless of whether ones group is measured according race, age, religion, nationality, and even temporary, insignificant memberships. the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. _____ refers to the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters.a) Conservatism b) Relativism c) Ethnocentrism d) Ableism ANS: c A-head: Culture and Intergroup Relations REF: 363 Feedback: Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters. It was used in the context of the last major effort by electric utilities . By understanding this natural human tendency, you can focus on finding ways to cut other people a break and to stop expecting the worst. The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. Boy scout experiment- created conflict and then used superordinate goals to override it, woman whose murder in front of witnesses led to research on bystander effect, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 1, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 2, 01: History of PsychPeople (Unit 1 Review), Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. d. sensory cortex. Some group stereotypes are mixed, high on one dimension and low on the other. Understand biases such as social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. When it comes time to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you may still categorize it as good, but you will likely be a little slowerperhaps even fractions of a second slower-- in arriving at this judgment. For example, researchers have found that those who score higher on SDO are usually lower than average on tolerance, empathy, altruism, and community orientation.
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